Pascal’s law or the Principle of transmission of fluid-pressure
states that “pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible
fluid is transmitted equally in all directions throughout the fluid such
that the pressure ratio (initial difference) remains the same”.
Where,
ΔP=The hydrostatic pressure or difference in pressure at two points within a fluid column, due to the weight of the fluid.
ρ= The fluid density.
g = Acceleration due to gravity.
Δh=The height of fluid above the point of measurement, or
the difference in elevation between the two points within the fluid
column.
The law was established by French mathematician Blaise Pascal.
Experimental proof of Pascal’s law
Consider
a spherical vessel having four cylindrical tubes A, B, C and D, each
fitted with airtight frictionless piston, of area of cross-section 4a,
3a, 2a and a, respectively. When the vessel is filled with an
incompressible liquid so that no air gap is left inside the vessel, a
force 4 ‘F’ exerted on A is transmitted in all directions. The other
piston moves outward. To keep the pistons in their place, forces 3F, F
and 2F have be exerted on B, C and D, respectively. Therefore, pressure
on each is in each case.
Consider
a spherical vessel having four cylindrical tubes A, B, C and D, each
fitted with airtight frictionless piston, of area of cross-section 4a,
3a, 2a and a, respectively. When the vessel is filled with an
incompressible liquid so that no air gap is left inside the vessel, a
force 4 ‘F’ exerted on A is transmitted in all directions. The other
piston moves outward. To keep the pistons in their place, forces 3F, F
and 2F have be exerted on B, C and D, respectively. Therefore, pressure
on each is 
in each case.
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